As a seasoned hunter and outdoor writer with over a decade of experience, I’ve spent countless hours in the field pursuing the fast-flying mourning and white-winged dove. Choosing the best dove loads for 12 gauge shotguns is crucial for a successful hunt, and it’s a topic I get asked about constantly. It’s not just about power; it’s about pattern density, recoil management, and matching the load to your shotgun and shooting style. This guide will break down everything you need to know to select the best shotgun shells for dove hunting, covering everything from shot size and velocity to dove hunting choke tubes and even considering other gauges like the 20 gauge. We’ll also touch on good dove hunting shotguns to ensure you have the right setup for a productive day in the field.
Dove hunting is a dynamic sport. These birds are small, quick, and often shot at longer ranges than many other game birds. This demands a specific approach to ammunition. Unlike waterfowl hunting where you need penetration for thicker plumage, dove hunting prioritizes a dense, consistent pattern. Too large a shot size and you’ll have too few pellets in the kill zone; too small and you’ll lack the energy to consistently bring down birds. According to the National Park Service, ethical hunting practices are paramount, and using the appropriate ammunition is a key component of that.
The most popular and generally recommended shot size for dove hunting is #7.5 shot. This size provides an excellent balance between pattern density and energy. #8 shot is also viable, especially for closer shots, but it can be more susceptible to wind drift. #6 shot is generally considered too large, resulting in fewer pellets in the pattern and increased recoil. I’ve found that sticking with #7.5 or #8 consistently delivers the best results in a variety of conditions. Remember, a denser pattern increases your chances of a clean kill.
Traditionally, lead shot was the standard for dove hunting. However, due to environmental concerns, many areas now require the use of non-toxic shot. Steel, bismuth, and tungsten are common alternatives. Bismuth is often considered the closest performing non-toxic alternative to lead, offering similar density and ballistics. Tungsten is even denser but also more expensive. Steel shot requires larger shot sizes to achieve comparable patterns to lead, and can result in tighter patterns. Always check local regulations before your hunt to ensure you are using legal ammunition. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provides detailed information on lead ammunition regulations.
After years of testing and hunting, here are some of the best 12 gauge dove hunting shells I’ve consistently relied on:
When selecting a load, pay attention to the velocity and dram equivalent. Higher velocity generally means a flatter trajectory and more energy, but also increased recoil. Dram equivalent is a measure of the powder charge. For dove hunting, I typically recommend loads with a velocity between 1200 and 1300 fps and a dram equivalent of 2 ¾”. Excessive power isn’t necessary and can lead to overshooting and increased felt recoil.
Your dove hunting choke tubes play a critical role in pattern density and range. A choke constricts the shot pattern, making it tighter over distance. For dove hunting, I recommend using a modified or improved cylinder choke. These chokes provide a good balance between pattern density and a wider effective range.
Here’s a quick guide to common choke constrictions:
Experiment with different chokes at the range to see what patterns best in your shotgun. Patterning your shotgun is essential – shoot several groups of shells at a paper target at various distances to see how the shot spreads. REI Expert Advice has a great resource on understanding shotgun chokes.
While the 12 gauge is the most popular choice for dove hunting, the 20 gauge is gaining popularity, especially among smaller-framed shooters or those who prefer a lighter gun. The best 20 gauge dove load typically involves #7.5 or #8 shot, similar to the 12 gauge. The 20 gauge offers less recoil and is often easier to swing smoothly. The 28 gauge is even lighter, but requires more precise shooting due to its smaller payload. Choosing the best gauge for dove hunting ultimately comes down to personal preference and comfort.
A good dove hunting shotgun should be lightweight, quick-handling, and reliable. Over-and-under shotguns are popular choices due to their balance and versatility. Semi-automatic shotguns offer fast follow-up shots, which can be advantageous when multiple birds are flushing. I’ve had success with both types. When considering a shotgun for dove hunting, look for a gun that fits you well and allows you to swing smoothly and consistently. Don't break the bank – there are plenty of cheap shotguns for dove hunting that perform admirably.
Don't forget the other essentials! A comfortable vest with plenty of shell loops is crucial. Good hearing protection is a must, as shotgun blasts can be damaging to your ears. And of course, always wear appropriate eye protection. Consider a lightweight, breathable hunting jacket and pants, and comfortable boots. Finally, remember to pack plenty of water and snacks, and always practice Leave No Trace principles (leavenotrace.org) to minimize your impact on the environment.
Selecting the best dove shells 12 gauge and the right choke is important, but it’s only part of the equation. Consistent practice is the key to becoming a successful dove hunter. Spend time at the range honing your shooting skills, and you’ll be well on your way to a rewarding and ethical hunt. Remember to always prioritize safety and respect the game you are pursuing. Happy hunting!
Disclaimer: Hunting regulations vary by state and location. Always check and comply with all applicable laws and regulations before hunting.