As a seasoned hunter and outdoor writer with over a decade of experience, I know the importance of having the right ammunition when pursuing a gobbler. Choosing the right turkey loads can be the difference between a successful hunt and going home empty-handed. The sheer number of options – from different shell lengths like 2 3/4, 3 1/2 inch turkey loads, to various shot materials like tungsten super shot (TSS) and lead – can be overwhelming. This guide will break down everything you need to know to select the best turkey ammo for your shotgun, covering shot size, shell length, and popular brands like Federal, Winchester, and Apex.
Before diving into specific loads, let's cover the fundamentals. A shotgun shell consists of the hull, primer, powder, wad, and shot. For turkey hunting, the key considerations are the shell length, gauge, shot material, and shot size. The gauge refers to the diameter of the barrel (12 gauge, 20 gauge, .410 bore, etc.). The most common gauges for turkey hunting are 12 and 20, with .410 gaining popularity for its challenge and portability. Shell length (2 3/4 inch, 3 inch, 3 1/2 inch) impacts the amount of powder and shot you can load, influencing range and pattern density.
The 12 gauge remains the king for turkey hunting, offering the largest payload and the greatest effective range. However, a 20 gauge turkey load is a viable option, especially for recoil-sensitive shooters or those preferring a lighter firearm. Modern TSS loads have significantly extended the effective range of the 20 gauge. The .410 bore presents a significant challenge, requiring precise shooting and typically shorter ranges, but advancements in non-toxic shot, like tungsten, are making it more effective. Consider your skill level and physical capabilities when choosing a gauge.
Traditionally, lead shot was the standard for turkey hunting. However, due to environmental concerns and regulations, non-toxic alternatives are increasingly popular and often required. Tungsten Super Shot (TSS) is the leading non-toxic option, offering significantly higher density than lead. This means more pellets of the same size can be packed into a shell, resulting in a denser pattern and greater effective range. While TSS is more expensive than lead, its performance often justifies the cost. Brands like Federal, Apex, and Remington offer excellent TSS options. Remember to always check local regulations regarding the use of lead shot. (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service)
Shot size refers to the diameter of the individual pellets. For turkey hunting, the most common sizes are #4, #5, #6, and #9. Larger shot sizes (#4 and #5) deliver more energy per pellet but have fewer pellets per shell, resulting in a tighter pattern. Smaller shot sizes (#6 and #9) offer more pellets, creating a denser pattern, which is particularly beneficial at longer ranges.
#9 tss for turkey has become incredibly popular in recent years, especially with the 20 gauge. Its high density allows for a massive pellet count, creating incredibly tight patterns at extended ranges. Many hunters are achieving consistent results at 60-70 yards with #9 TSS. However, it requires a properly choked shotgun (more on that later). Federal, Apex, and Remington all offer excellent #9 TSS loads. A 20 ga tss #9 load is a serious contender for any turkey hunter.
If lead shot is legal in your area, #4 and #5 are common choices for 12 gauge. For 20 gauge, #5 and #6 are often preferred. Remember that lead patterns more openly than TSS, so closer ranges are generally recommended.
Here's a breakdown of some of the most popular and effective turkey loads currently available:
The debate between 2 3/4 inch turkey loads and 3 1/2 inch turkey loads often comes down to recoil preference and shotgun compatibility. 3 1/2 inch shells contain more powder and shot, resulting in higher velocities and greater effective range. However, they also produce significantly more recoil. Not all shotguns can chamber 3 1/2 inch shells – check your firearm's specifications before using them. A 3.5 inch 12 gauge shell is a good compromise for many hunters. For a 20 gauge turkey load, 2 3/4 inch shells are often sufficient, especially with TSS.
Your shotgun choke plays a crucial role in pattern density. For turkey hunting, a tight choke is essential to concentrate the shot pattern and maximize the number of pellets hitting the target. Specifically, when using TSS, a choke designed for TSS is critical. Using a standard choke with TSS can damage the choke and significantly reduce performance. Consult with a gunsmith or choke manufacturer to determine the best choke for your shotgun and chosen ammunition. (Remington Choke Guide)
Proper storage is essential to maintain the performance of your shotgun shells. Store them in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. How long are shotgun shells good for? While they don't necessarily "expire," the propellant can degrade over time, especially if exposed to moisture. Generally, properly stored shells will remain reliable for several years.
Selecting the right turkey loads is a critical component of a successful hunt. Consider your shooting skills, the range you typically hunt, your shotgun's capabilities, and local regulations. Don't be afraid to experiment with different loads and chokes to find what works best for you. Remember to practice regularly and pattern your shotgun to ensure you're prepared when the season arrives. Happy hunting!
Disclaimer: Hunting regulations vary by state and locality. Always consult your local wildlife agency for the most up-to-date information.