As a seasoned hunter and outdoor writer, I’ve spent years navigating the complexities of shotshells. Understanding the nuances of steel shot pellet count, the fluctuating tungsten price per lb, and the differences between various non-toxic shot types is crucial for ethical and effective hunting. This guide will break down everything you need to know, from the basics of what are shotshells to advanced topics like tss pellets per ounce and reloading tungsten shotshells. We’ll cover everything from waterfowl to upland game, and even touch on safety considerations like what does birdshot do to a person.
Before diving into specific shot types, let’s establish a foundation. A shotshell, or shotgun shell, isn’t a cartridge in the traditional sense. It’s a self-contained unit consisting of four primary components: the hull (the casing), the primer, the propellant (powder), and the shot charge. The shot charge is what we’re primarily concerned with here – the multitude of small projectiles that are expelled from the barrel. The diagram of shotgun shell components can be found on resources like the National Shooting Sports Foundation website (https://www.nssf.org/).
Shot size is designated by a number. The larger the number, the smaller the pellet. Common sizes include #2, #4, #6, #8, and #9. Understanding the shotgun shot size chart is vital for selecting the appropriate size for your target. For example, #4 shot is often used for pheasant, while #8 shot is common for quail and dove. You can find detailed shot size comparison chart information at REI Expert Advice.
Traditionally, shotshells were loaded with lead shot. However, due to environmental concerns – specifically the toxicity of lead to waterfowl – regulations have shifted towards non-toxic alternatives. What is birdshot made of now often includes steel, bismuth, and tungsten. The lead shot density is a key factor in its effectiveness, and non-toxic alternatives must match or exceed this density to achieve comparable performance.
The move away from lead has spurred innovation in non-toxic shot materials. Let's examine the key players:
Within the tungsten category, Tungsten Super Shot (TSS) stands out. TSS pellets per ounce are significantly more than lead or steel, allowing for tighter patterns and greater range. TSS vs lead chart comparisons consistently demonstrate TSS’s superior ballistic performance. TSS reloading supplies are available for experienced reloaders, but require specialized equipment and knowledge. 9 tungsten shot for reloading is a common size for upland game.
The shot shell pellet count directly impacts pattern density – the number of pellets hitting a specific area at a given distance. A higher pellet count generally translates to a denser pattern, increasing your chances of a clean kill. However, pellet count isn’t the only factor. Shot size, choke selection, and powder load all play a role. Understanding the relationship between these variables is key to optimizing your shotshell performance.
For example, a 12-gauge shell with #6 steel shot might contain around 350 pellets, while a 12-gauge shell with #6 tungsten shot might contain over 500 pellets. This difference in shot count per ounce explains why tungsten can achieve comparable patterns to lead with a smaller shot size.
While manufacturers typically list the approximate pellet count on the box, you can also estimate it yourself. The formula is: (Shot Weight in Ounces x Pellets Per Ounce for that Shot Size). Pellets per ounce vary depending on shot size. Resources like the Ballistic Studies website (https://ballisticstudies.com/knowledge-base/shotshell-pellet-count/) provide detailed pellet count charts.
The tungsten price per gram and the overall cost of tungsten shotshells are significant factors for many hunters. As of late 2023, tungsten price per pound can range from $40 to $60 or more, depending on the alloy and supplier. This makes tungsten significantly more expensive than steel or bismuth.
Purchasing in bulk can help reduce costs. A pallet of shotgun shells can offer substantial savings, but requires significant storage space and a long-term commitment to a specific load. The cost of a pallet will vary depending on the shell type and quantity.
While often perceived as less dangerous than other types of ammunition, what does birdshot do to a person is a serious question. Birdshot can cause significant injury, particularly to the eyes and face. Pellets can penetrate the skin and cause localized damage, and in rare cases, can cause more serious complications. Always practice safe gun handling procedures and wear appropriate eye and ear protection. The bird shot buck shot rule emphasizes the difference in potential harm between these two types of ammunition.
Reloading tungsten shotshells is a complex process that requires specialized equipment and a thorough understanding of ballistics. It’s not recommended for beginners. However, experienced reloaders can save money and customize their loads to achieve optimal performance. Resources like the Lyman Reloading Handbook (https://www.lymanproducts.com/) provide detailed instructions and data for reloading tungsten shotshells. Tungsten shot for reloading is available from various suppliers.
| Shot Type | Density (Relative to Lead) | Cost | Range | Penetration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel | ~70% | Low | Shorter | Lower |
| Bismuth | ~95% | Moderate | Medium | Medium |
| Tungsten | ~180% | High | Longer | Higher |
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of shotshells, covering everything from steel shot pellet count to the intricacies of tungsten waterfowl loads. Remember to always check and adhere to local hunting regulations and prioritize safety. For more information on ethical hunting practices, visit the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics (https://lnt.org/) and the USDA Forest Service (https://www.fs.usda.gov/).